Don't Overlook Methane Pyrolysis & Turquoise Hydrogen - IDTechEx
Methane pyrolysis and turquoise H2 are two promising clean fuel options. IDTechEx recommends not overlooking these options. Using methane pyrolysis, methane gas is broken down into hydrogen and solid carbon without producing CO2 emissions. Turquoise H2 is hydrogen produced from natural gas but with the carbon emissions captured and stored underground, resulting in a low carbon footprint. Both options have potential for reducing carbon emissions in the energy industry.
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The tech company IDTechEx wrote a report on turquoise hydrogen. The report's name is "Blue Hydrogen Production and Markets 2023-2033: Technologies, Forecasts, Players." It talks about the different methane pyrolysis technologies, their pros, cons, and the commercial activities that influence this industry.
IDTechEx states that in the hydrogen production range, blue and green hydrogen are seen as important options for a low-carbon future. Blue hydrogen is made by converting natural gas with steam or oxygen, while capturing and storing CO2 emissions. On the other hand, green hydrogen is produced from water via electrolysis, powered by renewable energy like wind and solar, and does not produce any Scope 1 and 2 emissions.
Turquoise hydrogen is made differently. IDTechEx says turquoise hydrogen is produced by breaking down methane into hydrogen and carbon without creating direct CO2. This method is called methane pyrolysis. Turquoise hydrogen is more eco-friendly than blue hydrogen because it doesn't need carbon capture and storage.
Turquoise hydrogen is easier to make and cheaper than green hydrogen. It uses natural gas which is abundant and more affordable. Making turquoise hydrogen also uses less energy compared to making green hydrogen. This is important because it reduces Scope 2 emissions. Using biogas may even make the process carbon negative. Researchers are also studying other potential uses for turquoise hydrogen.
IDTechEx found 3 types of methane pyrolysis methods. They are different in how they work, their good and bad points, and how developed they are. There are also more versions of these.
There are three main types of processes. They are very broad. These processes are categorized in different ways. It is important to understand these categories. The three types are: 1. Manufacturing processes 2. Service processes 3. Management processes
IDTechEx thinks that plasma pyrolysis is the most advanced process and has lots of players. It's also the most energy-efficient process.
IDTechEx said many companies are developing methane pyrolysis. These companies are in different regions. North America and Europe have the most companies. They also have the most advanced technology.
Methane pyrolysis has benefits. IDTechEx says it also has drawbacks.
Using natural gas for hydrogen production is a challenge. Blue hydrogen is more efficient than natural gas. The carbon by-product must be of good quality if off-take agreements are to be established. Otherwise, the carbon has to be stored underground.
Methane pyrolysis makes 3 kg of carbon black for each kg of hydrogen. If there are no markets for the by-product, pyrolysis plants cannot grow big (unless millions of tonnes of hydrogen are produced). The process may not be cost-effective.
IDTechEx thinks the use of methane pyrolysis will not be very common in the hydrogen industry. Blue and green hydrogen are better options that need to be tested on a commercial level. But, methane pyrolysis and turquoise hydrogen should not be ignored. Different industries could profit from these technologies.
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