Increased heavy rains, drought caused by human-induced climate change | Big Island Now

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A group of researchers from different countries, incorporating two professionals from the University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa, employed machine learning in their study. They discovered that carbon dioxide coming from humans and the effects of climate change have led to an escalation of the fluctuations in rain patterns on a daily basis in the tropical eastern Pacific and middle latitudes.

The research was released in the journal Nature.

Experts have predicted that global warming will cause irregular rainfall patterns, including heavy rains and droughts, to occur more frequently in several parts of the world. Malte Stuecker, the co-author of the study and an assistant professor at the University of Hawai‘i Mānoa School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology, stated that verifying whether these projections have already manifested in current rainfall data has been difficult due to the significant natural variations in rainfall at the regional level.

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A recent research, headed by Yoo-Geun Ham of Chonnam National University and Seung-Ki Min of Pohang University of Science and Technology, employed a technique called deep learning that machines are good at doing – it processed vast data and presented trends that may be hard for human analysts to understand.

The group of researchers came up with a special model that uses deep learning to measure how global warming affects the daily rainfall around the world. They tested the model using data from satellites that track rainfall. The findings showed that over half of all days since the mid-2010s have had rainfall patterns that are different from what is considered normal and natural because of human-caused global warming.

According to Tim Li, a professor at the School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology and co-author of the study, our research has shown for the first time that human activity is affecting daily rainfall patterns in the tropical eastern tropical Pacific and the mid-latitudes. As a result of global warming, there has been a rise in precipitation variability, which increases the likelihood of extreme weather events including heavy rainfall, droughts, flooding, and wildfires. We must take measures to address this growing risk.

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Despite not being able to distinguish long-term changes in yearly rainfall from natural variations in the eastern tropical Pacific and midlatitudes, this research suggests that global warming has already affected daily precipitation in these areas, including the eastern regions of the United States and Canada.

Stuecker believes that it is highly likely that these patterns will worsen due to the effects of global warming, which aligns with our previous research findings. To prevent this from happening, we must decrease the amount of CO2 emissions. We also need to conduct more thorough research on how rain patterns may change on a smaller, regional level, such as on the islands, to develop localized adaptation strategies.